The Cultural Considerations Involved With Counseling The...

Counseling the LGBT Community Yvette Morales University of the Incarnate Word August 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore various considerations when counseling members of the lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender community (LGBT). When counseling LGBT members, the psychology professional must be aware of various factors that may influence effective treatment. For instance, the historical treatment of the LGBT community by the mental health profession is important to understand in order to make strides at improving institutional attitudes and approaches. Other factors such as community perceptions, interfamily relations and cultural bias are all relevant to successful therapeutic outcomes. This paper aims to discuss these factors in order to present a comprehensive review of the cultural considerations involved with counseling the LGBT community. Cultural competence as it pertains to counseling is a vital skill to possess in today’s ever-changing society. Counseling is a high demand profession which involves interaction with person from all walks of life and all types of backgrounds. As we become more sensitive to cultural diversity around us, we must make an effort to understand those who are different from us. The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender or LGBT community has come to the forefront of our social consciousness with much media attention given to the issue of marriage equality in many states. Anytime a person deviatesShow MoreRelatedBeing A Homosexual Male Or Female?940 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of the many risks that comes along with being a homosexual youth, it is crucial for professionals to know about certain stigmas and to work towards relieving the obstacles that adolescents face by giving a sheltered, unbiased environment for LGBT youth, keeping in mind the end goal to conceivably diminish their potential hazardous wellbeing. Within helping these adolescents, therapists face many obstacles and must remain neutral and understanding. One conflict that therapists face is withinRead MoreCultural Diversity : Critical Issues Amongst The Lgbt Community2538 Words   |  11 Pages Cultural Diversity: Critical Issues amongst the LGBT community Janice T Le University of Texas Amongst the many issues faced in the LGBT community, three critical concerns include oppression and discrimination, homelessness in youths and martial rights. Homosexuality continues to hold immense stigma in society due to the threat of conventional masculine ideology, negative beliefs rooted in cultural institutions, and religious fundamentalism, which do not condone homosexualityRead MoreStages Group Planning Paper : Adolescent Gay Straight Adolescent Alliance Group3376 Words   |  14 Pages1970’s. 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Why did relations between the Soviet Union and the USA change in the years 1970-1985 Free Essays

* The 1979 soviet invasion of Afghanistan. * The ‘Zero Option’ * Deployment of missiles in Europe * Strategic Defence initiative Between the years 1979 – 1985, relations between the Soviet Union and the USA, changed, and we can look at many reasons as to why this was the case. For example up until 1979, the superpowers were in a period of ‘Detente’. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did relations between the Soviet Union and the USA change in the years 1970-1985? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Detente was simply a period of extended Co-operation and agreement. So relations had slightly improved up until 1979. Sadly this improvement of relations came to a Holt, as the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The Soviets saw Fundamentalism as a great threat to the soviet system, and so the PDPA who were a communist party overthrew Afghan government. Before the invasion, Afghanistan seeked to improve relations with the USA, so by invading Afghanistan this would have, perhaps annoyed the USA. The USA however did heavily criticise the invasion, which only put more strain on relations. The way, in which the USA showed their annoyance and disapproval of the War, was to boycott the1980 Moscow Olympic Games. In reply to the USA boycott the Soviet Union were not present at the 1984 Los Angeles games. Clearly unrest between both Super Powers was emerging, and they showed this by their boycott of each Olympic Games. Had the Soviets not invaded Afghanistan you wonder whether the USA would have boycotted the games. In 1981 Ronald Reagan was elected president. By him becoming president, it only worsened things, as he was very supportive of anti – Communist forces in places such as Afghanistan. Reagan also proposed the ‘zero option’. This was basically the deployment of new US intermediate range missiles in Western Europe in return for soviet dismantlement of comparable forces. There are some Historians who think Reagan knew that Brezhnev would refuse, which meant he could therefore build bigger and greater weapons. This ‘zero option’ only helped contribute to worsened relations a great deal, and by the Soviet rejecting ‘zero option’ it gave Reagan the opportunity to accuse the Soviet Union of being an evil empire, but Yuri Andropov responded and called Reagan insane and a liar. Relations were now at a low, and it seems there is no co-operation, but accusations instead. The Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) commonly called Star Wars. It was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. The aim of SDI was to create a ‘defence shield’ that would protect the USA from a full nuclear missile attack by the Soviet Union or other hostile nuclear powers. This would end reliance on offence-dominated deterrence (‘Mutually Assured Destruction’) through a balance of terror. Diplomatically, Russia and fiercely opposed SDI, and the deployment of such a system would have been a breach of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) treaty. This also meant that USA had done something which the Soviets were opposed to, which can only have also worsened relations. The ongoing worsened relations were not helped by the fact that throughout 1979-1985 there was no stability in the Soviet Union. Leaders kept changing meaning the Super Powers did not have the time to relate to each other and make an effort to improve relations. Say the minute a leader came in, and they actually agreed on something, then, that leader would die, and they would have to start again. On overall, all of the factors I have mentioned above all contribute to a worsening of relations between the Soviet Union and the USA. It seems that each thing happens one after the other and they are not positives steps. When Brezhnev was in charge, the war in Afghanistan was going on, and after his death, you might expect relations to improve, but then Reagan announces ‘zero option’ and so on. So between the years 1979-1980 it seems that relations worsened, and the levels of trust between the USA and the Soviet Union worsened. How to cite Why did relations between the Soviet Union and the USA change in the years 1970-1985?, Papers

Chase McCleary (1464 words) Essay Example For Students

Chase McCleary (1464 words) Essay Chase McClearyMrs. BeardsellENG 10120 October 2016Native Instinct Still LivesHunters today compare very closely in areas while staying in completely different worlds with Native Americans. We, modern sportsman, can relate to our predecessors in ethics, vindication, and some strategies as well as weaponry. We differ from Native Americans through advancement in technology and society. Ultimately hunting has changed little over the decades long past. The feeling of a fair chase hunt still pumps in hunters today the same adrenaline that pumped in the Osage Indian tribe long ago. Fair chase hunt is a hunt where the animal is not confined or hampered by outside forces and has free range of escape from a hunter who is using good moral and ethical decisions. This is where our society today gets hung up: they do not think we hunters do this. While they are not wrong, not every hunter is ethical, you mustnt blame the whole village for the village idiots idiocy. Resect for the animal you harves t, respect for land owners and fellow hunters are all still the same as the Osage Indians who walked this very land some time ago. Hunting in my family is a tradition. My father and my brothers hunt so Ive always hunted with them. As long as I can remember the fall season was always hunting season, which wasnt a bad thing to me. Hunting with my family meant fresh food on the table and good life lessons. My father started teaching me how to hunt when I was young, about 10. He taught me gun safety, behavior of animals, and ethics. I was a natural born hunter, dad would tell me, remarking on my awareness and stealth in the woods. I remember one hunt in particularly that has stuck with me ever since. It was late November and rainy and was my first time hunting alone, away from Dads guidance. I wait in a tree stand for 2 or 3 hours and see no sign of animal activity. As I am about to leave my stand due to approaching darkness I hear quite load prancing headed in my direction. I ready myself and begin to tremble in my knees from a spike of sudden adrenaline. The trotting slows and out emerges a younger buck with a lim p. It looked diseased and not good for eating, it looked in pain. I thought to myself, This deer is suffering from a car accident or a bad infection. It will surely die a slow and painful death. I should harvest this deer.. I aimed, I fired. My bullet pierced both its lungs and nipped at its heart, the animal fell instantly. From the moment forward I knew hunting wasnt about making a good shot, nor was it about even harvesting an animal: It was about respect for the animal and carrying a sacred tradition that cant be imitated which was created by Native Americans. Our motive for hunting today isnt as extreme or crucial as it was then. If you were a native American tribe and you did not hunt you had little or no food. Hunting was literally the way of life then. Today, it is a lifestyle more or less, not a life of its own. Today some mount a very large antlered deer or a bear pelt on a wall as a trophy, I do it in remembrance of the once being creature who provided me with many things; Food, hide, feathers, exhilaration, a memory. A vast majority of modern sportsman hunt for the adrenaline rush we call Buck Fever. Osage Indians used their harvests for even more practical uses other than food and Buck Fever. They hunted for every single part of the animal; bones for tools, hide for clothing, feathers for arrows, internals for baits CITATION Ewe68 l 1033 (Ewers). Our vindication has only slightly been altered due to our resources other than the woods. .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .postImageUrl , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:hover , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:visited , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:active { border:0!important; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:active , .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2 .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9882a2992503927d7cc3032c975ff3c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Recycling EssayWhere we differ quite radically is Conservation and the view society has on us. In 1906 President Roosevelt introduced the Conservation Act to America CITATION Wik16 l 1033 (Wikipedia Theodore Roosevelt Conservation). This led to American hunters having regulation on their hunting habits. Seasons to hunt in, permits to hunt at all, and tags for each animal you harvest that must be purchased. Mr. Roosevelt cracked down on unethical hunting for the good. As time changed going forward, as did societies opinion on hunting, only it went backward. More and more hunters disrespected the fair chase hunting style and bent the rules and sought out loopholes; Bragging of kills and boasting about their false dominance of nature, I agree with society on this matter, it is not right. Society has become divided on this topic though Osage Indians of Missouri had zero reason to dislike hunting game. Their society knew it was the only way of survival and they admired their great hunters. It was a duty and a responsibility. They had no official conservation due to an abundance of animals at the time and their ideology of taking what they need. The Osage knew if they hunted a certain animal too much in an area that it would be drove out or hunt to extinction and that would be a huge detriment to their tribes resources. Hunting techniques and weaponry are almost all based on hunting tactics applied by Osage Indians. The strategies used then still work very well today because we have the same terrain and are hunting the same animals. Buffalo and Elk are the two species that we hunted out of Missouri after settlers migrated over and before conservation acts that the Osage had the opportunity to hunt. Deer, Turkey, Coyote, and Waterfowl are all still quite abundant in most parts of rural Missouri. The Osage Indian tribe primarily hunted with a bow and broad-tipped arrow, which we use today still. Their long bows were made of a solid piece of carved soft wood CITATION Sti16 l 1033 (Stick). Today many bow hunter use compound bows, which imply wheels and pulleys to increase the speed at which the arrow is shot at. The Osage, however, often utilized what is now called persistence hunting, the act of stalking an animal until it wears out allowing you to have range with the animal CITATION Sho93 l 1033 (Shot t). Today hunters in Missouri dont use persistence hunting nearly as much due to range of relatively new found technology, the gun. Reaching out to over hundreds of yards a hunter can harvest an animal with extreme precision. Today we can use a more passive hunting tactic with a tree stand. Posted around 20 feet up in a sturdy tree a hunter waits, watching either a path or field, for the animal he is out to harvest. Calls, awareness, and situational tactics, like spotting and stalking, all remain just as the Osage shaped them. On October the 14th I sit in a tree stand pondering thoughts for a compare contrast paper. It starts pouring rain and it is cold. I see two large bodied bucks emerge from opposing sides of a field. Their posture and stride were confident as if they were rivaling each other. I quake with adrenaline but have not much reason, these animals are much too far for a shot from a bow. I watch these majestic animals meet in the middle of the bean field and admire then. They bow their heads and lock antlers in a fight for governance. I imagine what an Osage Indian would do, and that is to be still. Watch these deer do their nature and appreciate them. In such a drenchingly beautiful way I feel just like a Native American hunter, with minor alterations. I have my bow and arrow in hand, know the calls I need to use, and understand what hunting means for me; all as if I was an Osage Indian. All in all, we sportsman can only thank our hunting predecessors for forming such a sacred tradition that is still carried out today. We today use many of the same tactics and weaponry, we hunt for many of the same reasons and have the same ethics. Our societies have changed around us and our technology has been improved, which makes us differ in some areas. Work CitedBIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Ewers, John Canfied. Indian Life on the Upper Missouri. University of Oklahoma Press, 1968. .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .postImageUrl , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:hover , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:visited , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:active { border:0!important; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:active , .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363 .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec9e141b2d0ebc0a0dbfffbad03d7363:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: National Socialism EssayRosa, Alfred and Paul Eschholz. Models for Writers. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin, 2015. Textbook. Shott, Michael J. Spears, Darts, and Arrows: Late Woodland Hunting Techniques in the Upper Ohio Valley. American Antiquity (1993): 425-443. ebook. Stick, David. Indian Fishing and Hunting. 2016. Web. Wikipedia Theodore Roosevelt Conservation. 17 October 2016. Web.

The Youth Criminal Justice Act Summary and Background free essay sample

This essay will discuss the Justice System. The Youth Criminal Justice Act, (YCJA) is the law that governs Canada’s Youth Justice System. It applies to youth who are at least 12 to 17 years old, who are alleged to have committed crimes. These are the three arguments that will explain that the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) is fair and equitable Including; How justice system protect the innocents, protect society, and ensure that those who break the law face appropriate consequences.firstly, the YCJA protecting innocents. (A youth that has committed a crime unintentionally will be affected by this for the rest of his/her life especially those pure and innocent. ) This might prevent them from applying for jobs and joining the society. (The consequences for a serious crime which is convicted to a crimeless youth is harsh enough. Young offenders are not prepared to receive heavy adult sentences such as a sentence of more than 10 years of imprison. We will write a custom essay sample on The Youth Criminal Justice Act Summary and Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) (The YCJA controls criminal action by implementing probation and rehabilitation. This puts a youth criminal under supervision until the end of the sentence)Secondly, how the YCJA protect society. (The YCJA wants to protect society, as well as to manage and reduce the risk of offending for young people.) In order for YCJA to protect society. They try to put a young offender out of the adult sentence. And rehabilitate the young offender, so when they get out of prison they will be part of society. They Influence young offenders to make better choices. Tries to make the young offender return back to how they lived before they did their crime. (The YCJA is really effective for changing youth criminal behavior. This act gives the youth chance to change. This also helps them make better decisions to avoid any more troubles. )Finally, the YCJA ensuring that those who break the law will face appropriate consequences. (The YCJA allows police, prosecutors, judges, and volunteers and professionals from the community to decide what happens to each young offender. (These all consider factors such as the following: The seriousness, depending on how serious the crime is the more consequences received. The records, depending on the history, they will get much worse consequences due to their criminal records. The personality, depending on their attitude and responsibility for what they did, they will face a consequence much worse if their behavior is unacceptable. The actions, depending on what they do in their community, home, or school when they figure out they will receive a social worker to help them.)Conclusion, (the justice system treats all young offenders the same, equally and fairly. The court and everyone involved in the justice system considers the youth’s situation and circumstances. They are not treated in an exact manner, but judgments are still carried out fairly and non-biased.)

Children with Autism and Learning Challenges

Children with Autism and Learning Challenges Free Online Research Papers Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication, and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. This set of signs distinguishes autism from milder autism spectrum disorders (ASD) such as Asperger syndrome. Autism is highly heritable, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible. In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Autism affects many parts of the brain; how this occurs is poorly understood. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their childs life. Early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social, and communication skills. There is no cure. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but some become successful, and an autistic culture has developed, with some seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. Schools have developed four guidelines to help teachers understand ways of learning in autistic children. 1. Be social â€Å"engineers.† Children with autism do not always know how to approach a social group. Autistic children are always looking to make friends just like everyone else, but do not know the proper steps, or ways to approach other children. That is why it is important for the educator to encourage other children to interact and socialize with them. For instance, you could re arrange the desks to form small groups and have the autistic child in a group with other students in the class. This would help with creating social skills to work together on social communications. Children with autism can have trouble with transitions, but they respond well to regular routines. 2. Be clear and consistent with routines. Educators can use â€Å"written scripts† to post the class schedule and classroom rules, then consistently apply those scripts on a daily basis. Educators have to be precise about the order in which activities will take place, where they will take place, and how long they will last. Be sure to use the same words to describe the different activities posted and repeat what needs to happen before each transition is made. One key point educators need to emphasize is warning before a transition is going to be made. For instance, while students are working on a task, remind them that they have five minutes before it is time to go to lunch. Then later say â€Å"we now have two minutes to finish your work before we go to lunch†. When a child is interested in a particular subject, allow the student to use that knowledge in other areas of education. 3. Use focused interests as a window of opportunity. For example, if a student has a confined interest in frogs, you can use this subject to engage him or her in questions and answers to involve other amphibians and reptiles, and then eventually incorporate that into the lesson. Other students will gradually engage in the discussion and become more interested about the different types of creatures. This type of teaching process will lead to a full classroom discussion engaging all students in the classroom. Although this is effective, it takes time, but can ease students with narrow interests to engage peers and expand their own interests. Language and social skills that come easier to other children can be picked up by an autistic child when the skills are presented in gradual, slowly moved steps. Inclusive settings are crucial for all students with autism, especially when structured properly by the educator to help them stay on tasks assigned and not overwhelming them. 4. Embrace inclusive settings. When exposed to different social situations, children with autism can build interaction as well as social skills they may not acquire in other areas of education. Inclusion not only builds interaction, but helps all children succeed in most academic and social activities. The earlier a student without a disability is introduced to students with disabilities, the earlier the students will become comfortable and accept them in their classroom culture and everyday activities. M.I.N.D. Research Institute is dedicated to education program excellence and cutting edge scientific research. The institute has successfully transferred more than thirty years of breakthrough brain and learning research into applied education programs for K-12 students. M.I.N.D. research continually improves its programs through data mining over 20 million student sessions and nine years of standardized math test results, and publishes its scientific and educational research. Standardized test results have shown remarkable increases for participating students. An eventual goal of M.I.N.D. is to establish an assessment and intervention school near the institute where current knowledge about K-12 education and neurodevelopmental disorders can be directly and immediately applied in order to help the students, and gain knowledge faster and easier. Some schools may not be fully prepared and have the resources needed to provide the proper learning environments required to helping and educating the growing number of autistic children. This article lists four easy to follow ways for the educator to incorporate learning to all the children in the classroom, as well as the students with learning disabilities. Being a social engineer, having clear and consistent routines, use focused interests as a window of opportunity, and embracing inclusive settings are the steps needed to help educate and incorporate students with disabilities into the whole classroom setting with the other students. Also, the M.I.N.D. institute is a great facilitator in the study of disabilities. This institute is embarking on a new and effective type of learning for all students, disability or not. Research Papers on Children with Autism and Learning ChallengesStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic Engineering

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a Cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Justice Department is responsible for enforcing the laws enacted by Congress, administration of the U.S. justice system, and ensuring that the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans are upheld. The DOJ was established in 1870, during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, and spent its early years prosecuting members of the Ku Klux Klan. The DOJ oversees the activities of multiple federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DOJ represents and defends the U.S. government’s position in legal proceedings, including cases heard by the Supreme Court. The DOJ also investigates cases of financial fraud, administers the federal prison system, and reviews the actions of local law enforcement agencies according to the provisions of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. In addition, the DOJ oversees the actions of the 93 U.S. Attorneys who represent the federal government in courtrooms nationwide. Organization and History The Department of Justice is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the U.S. Senate. The Attorney General is a member of the President’s Cabinet. At first, a one-person, part-time job, the position of Attorney General was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. At the time, the duties of the Attorney General were limited to providing legal advice to the president and Congress. Until 1853, the Attorney General, as a part-time employee, was paid substantially less than the other Cabinet members. As a result, those early Attorneys General typically supplemented their salary by continuing to conduct their own private law practices, often representing paying clients before state and local courts in both civil and criminal cases. In 1830 and again in 1846, various members of Congress tried to make the Attorney Generals Office a full-time position. Finally, in 1869, Congress considered and passed a bill creating a Department of Justice to be headed by a full-time Attorney General. President Grant signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870, and the Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870. Appointed by President Grant, Amos T. Akerman served as America’s first Attorney General and used his position to vigorously pursue and prosecute Ku Klux Klan members. During President Grants first term alone, the Justice Department had issued indictments against Klan members, with over 550 convictions. In 1871, those numbers increased to 3,000 indictments and 600 convictions. The 1869 law that created the Department of Justice also increased the Attorney Generals responsibilities to include the supervision of all United States Attorneys, the prosecution of all federal crimes, and the exclusive representation of the United States in all court actions. The law also permanently barred the federal government from using private lawyers and created the office of Solicitor General to represent the government before the Supreme Court. In 1884, control of the federal prison system was transferred to the Justice Department from the Department of the Interior. In 1887, enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act gave the Justice Department responsibility for some law enforcement functions. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order giving the Justice Department responsibility for defending the United States against claims and demands filed against the government. Mission Statement The mission of the Attorney General and the U.S. Attorneys is: â€Å"To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.†

Microbial disease and immunology Assignment. Writing a scientific Essay

Microbial disease and immunology Assignment. Writing a scientific abstract - Essay Example 7 females), aged between 18-69 years, were divided into three groups based on severity of pulmonary TB infection as mild (infection in single lobe, no visible cavities), moderate (two or more lobes with/without cavities), and advanced (bilateral disease, multiple cavities). 12 healthy volunteers comprised the control group. Cytokine measurements were performed using ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests, and Spearmans rank test were employed for statistical analysis. Levels of the four cytokines (Th1 type cytokines – IFN-y and Il-2, and Th2 type cytokines – IL-4 and IL-10) were significant in all the three groups; however, the pattern of circulating cytokines varied. Higher levels of Th1 cell type cytokines were seen in the mild group, while high levels of both Th1 and Th2 type cytokines were seen in the moderate group. Advanced patients had higher levels of Th2 type cytokines and lower levels of Th1 type cytokines. Thus, while cell-mediated immune responses are sig nificant in mild tuberculosis, advanced tuberculosis is characterised by impaired cell-mediated immune responses and enhanced humoral responses. It can be concluded that expansion of IL-4 and IL-10 producing T cells is positively correlated with the severity of pulmonary

The Evolution of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Evolution of leadership - Essay Example These are very essential in ensuring patient's wellbeing. Workers in healthcare sectors also deserve to be treated fairly in order to serve patients well. Ethical issues in healthcare sector have also evolved with time. Initially, leaders in the healthcare sector were greatly concerned about the patients' welfare only. Later on the government made decisions that greatly helped in running of healthcare facility smoothly. (Bridgit, 2005) Leaders in healthcare facilities have to ensure that ethical issues have to be adhered to. Generally, there are moral values that have to adhere to in healthcare sector. Each judgment or decision that is made in healthcare facilities has to adhere to these rules. Ethics in the healthcare sector is an issue that has not been started today. This issue can be traced back to the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. During this time leadership has changed hands and the leaders that have been in power have in one way or the other influenced the decisions that are made in the healthcare sector. In the year eighteen forty seven, there was the overall adoption of the overall code of ethics in the healthcare sector by the American Medical Association. Between the sixties and seventies, there was such a dramatic shift in the ethics sector. There were major changes that were made including liberalization of the whole theoretical aspects. In fact there was reconfiguration from justice that was procedurally based to bioethics in general. There are various values that underpin the entire practice in healthcare sector. These are concerned with ethical decisions and actions taken in healthcare sector. The values actually provide a framework where conflicts can easily be understood in case of occurrence in the healthcare sector. They include the following. Dignity This aspect means that patients attending a healthcare facility have the right to dignity. This does not just refer to the patient only, but the doctor or the nurse too. Autonomy Another value in line with healthcare profession is overall acceptance of right of an individual making choices by him or herself but it should be an informed one in line with their care. This means that people have the right to make their own decisions in line with health care they prefer. (Kerridge, 2006) This however should be done after being given complete and accurate information by nurses etc. This means that nurse should inform patients about care available and then respect their decision. This is whereby the patient has the overall right to choose or even accept the treatment. This means that the patient is the final decision maker concerning his or her treatment. In case the patient I incapacitated, then a close relative can make the health decisions of their behalf. Beneficence This is whereby a medical practitioner is required to act to the patient's best interest. This means that whatever action is taken by a doctor or nurse has to enhance the well being of the patient. If the action that is to be taken is not to the patient's best interest, then it would not be ethical at all. This concerns all the actions that are taken including surgery. This concept is generally very much in line with the principles of humanity. Justice This aspect involves distribution of resources in healthcare facilities. This also concerns the resources that are scarce. In this case those that are involved or the medical practitioners have to ensure that they are fair when distributing such

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Example for Free

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or exchange. Often used in relation with the word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is used to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 international hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and South East Asia. Networks include trading points in the financial centres of Singapore and Hong Kong, and some of the biggest family-based money-dealers are based in London. In principle, hawala works as follows: Individual brokers or operators†, known as hawaladers, collect funds at one end of the payment chain and others distribute the funds at the other. For example, an expatriate working in America or Kuwait who wants to send money back to his family in Pakistan or Syria turns to a moneylender or trader with contacts in both countries giving him the money. The trader calls a trusted partner in the home country who delivers the amount to the family, minus a commission. For identification and the details of the trade often a code is used. The two traders settle accounts either through reciprocal remittances, trade invoice manipulations, gold and precious gem smuggling, the conventional banking system, or by physical movement of currency. Usually, hawaladers operate independently of each other rather than as part of a larger organization. For Asian immigrants the hawala system provides a speedy, reliable and trustworthy method to remit money home. In principle, it allows cash delivered in one place to be made available elsewhere in the time it takes to make a telephone call or send a fax. The system proves superior to any Western banking operation: No identification needs to be presented, commissions are very low, transmission is very fast, and the system is in operation 24 hours a day and every day of the year even in regions where no banks or other financial institutions exist. The latter also explains why the system is not only used by expatriates, drug barons and terrorists, but in some countries is quite common in rural areas. For example, in the 1980s, about 70% of total credit outstanding in Pakistan were estimated to be in the informal sector, and about 80% of all informal credit were in agriculture. Hawala has been a traditional method of moving money in south Asia long before Western banking became established in the region protecting early merchants along the silk road against robbery. In ancient China it was known as fei qian or flying coins. The system spread throughout the world – to other Asian regions, the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, Europe and North and South America – following immigration patterns. Based on a mans word there is strong market segmentation in that, for example, a Pashtun trusts only a Pashtun hawaladar, a Sikh only a Sikh one, and so on. These days, although mainly used for legitimate transfers and often operating in conjunction with Western banking operations, the hawala system is regarded as a key factor in money laundering, other financial crimes and financing of illegal organizations committed in and associated with South Asia. Hawaladars in Dubai, India and Pakistan are said to be forming a hawala triangle responsible for significant international money laundering activities that spread far beyond the region.

Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austen Sen

Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen's characters always undergo an event that morally changes their being. In Sense and Sensibility this moral change is obvious in Elinor and Marianne. The development of these adolescents into mature, reasonable adults is a gradual transformation seen in Sense and Sensibility. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy begin Pride and Prejudice as arrogant and biased adults and end the story as liberal minded individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Sense and Sensibility the family has been forced to move from the plush lap of luxury into a more modest setting. Mr. Dashwood has just passed away. Since this was a patrilineal society, the eldest son, John Dashwood, inherits all of Mr. Dashwood's estate. John planned to live at Norland with his wife, Fanny Dashwood. Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters needed to relocate. This is a significant adjustment for everyone involved. In addition to the move to Barton Cottage, the family is also experiencing a decline in their income and thus must live a more middle class existence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marianne was Mrs. Dashwood's middle daughter. She was sensible and clever, but eager in everything; her sorrows, her joys, could have no moderation. She was generous, amiable, interesting: she was everything but prudent.'; (Austen, pg5). Marianne was only seventeen and behaved as such. She was unable to hold back her feelings even in a social setting with friends. Mrs. Dashwood's disposition was similar to Marianne's. They were similar in the expression of emotions. After Henry Dashwood died Marianne and Mrs. Dashwood, 'encouraged each other now in the violence of their affliction.'; (Austen, pg 5). The phrase misery loves company comes to mind to explain how they would commiserate with each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marianne was full of emotions and thoughts that she would not conceal. Her personality was the extreme opposite of Elinor's The moral development in Marianne has its roots in Willoughby, a young gentleman that rescues her from a fall on a mountainside near their new home. It was a very romantic scene when Willoughby, 'took her up in his arms without further delay, and carried her down the hill'; (Austen, p21). Marianne was excited at the whole situation especially since ;his manly beauty and more than common gracefulness were instantly the theme of general admiration'; (Austen, p21). Willoughby wa... ... the highest kind'; (Austen, p296). Mr. Darcy has completely forgiven Elizabeth and is attempting to prove her opinion wrong. Elizabeth has broken her prejudice and realizes her fault. Darcy comes to Longbourn and Elizabeth's mother comments on him, 'but else I must say that I hate the very sight of him'; (Austen, 333). Elizabeth has overcome her bad opinion of Darcy, but the rest of the family has not. After Elizabeth tells her mother of Darcy's proposal she says, 'We all know him to be a proud, unpleasant sort of man; but this would be nothing, if you really like him'; (Austen, p354). Her family is willing to allow the marriage to proceed, mostly for financial reasons. These books show a maturation of character through the trials and tribulations that life grants. In each of these stories there are parallel worlds, one of upper class and one of the middle to lower class. They show that even though two people come from different worlds and have different financial positions, love will conquer all. Works Cited: Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. London: Penguin Books, 1996. Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. Ed. Margaret Anne Doody. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.

Demographic Transitions in Germany

Demographic Passages Germany is one of the industrialised states that have undergone singular demographic and environmental passage, from phase one through to present five. Demographic passage refers to the procedure through which a state changes from a less industrialised society, with high birth and decease rates, to an industrialised society with low birth and decease rates ( Ewert, 2006 ) . Many states have undergone demographic passage including the United States of America, Canada, Italy, Russia, England and Germany ( Lucas, 2002 ) . The demographic passage to an industrialised society is instead damaging for the environment since industrialized societies tend to devour non-renewable resources, giving off pollution. These industrialised states besides have the largest ecological and C footmark relation to the non-industrialized states. The procedure of demographic passage nevertheless presents with lower birth and decease rates, which act as some of its advantages. For case, persons in industrialis ed states such as the United States of America have fewer kids which help to command the overall population size ( Ewert, 2006 ) . The intent of this essay is to depict the demographic and environmental timeline for Germany including the major historical alteration that caused the displacements, alterations in population size, increasing or diminishing birth and decease rates, and environmental impacts associated with the passage. Demographic passage involves five phases: Phase 1: High birth rate, high decease rate, low population size ; Stage 2: High birth rate, diminishing decease rate, increasing population size ; Stage 3: Decreasing birth rate, diminishing decease rate, increasing population size ; Stage 4: Low birth rate, low decease rate, high population size ; Stage 5: Low birth rate, low decease rate, population size diminishing. Basically, really few states have reached phase five of demographic passage ( The World at 7 Billion, 2011 ) . Germany is one of those states that have reached phase five and the causes of the ascertained alterations and environmental impacts are outlined below ; Phase 1: High birth rate, high decease rate, low population size Stage one of demographic passage occurred in Germany in the old ages between 1800 and 1900 ( Kitchen, 2011 ) . Major Historical Changes: At this clip, Germany is utilizing the Continental System and is defying Napoleon. The Prussian Reform Movement undertakes the military and educational reforms. The state is under Metternich and Catholicism together with Liberalism is going more outstanding. Changing Population Size:As a consequence of changeless wars traveling on in Germany through this period, the state records general population lessening. Bonaparte wants to go the swayer of the universe and German is seeking to defy. Birth and Death Ratess: The birth rates are low while the decease rates are high. Sing the political state of affairs of the state at this clip, twosomes are non giving birth as expected and many people are deceasing due to the wars. Environmental Impact: A batch of toxic gases are released into the ambiance as a consequence of the wars, thereby doing high environmental impact. The full population of Germany is affected in the procedure. Phase 2: High birth rate, diminishing decease rate, increasing population size Phase two of demographic passage occurred in Germany in the old ages between 1900 and 1950 ( Kitchen, 2011 ) . Major Historical Changes: There is a call for peace declaration and the Treaty of Versailles is signed to stop the First World War. The nation’s economic system faces Depression and the death of Parliamentary Democracy. The image of the adult female alterations and the adult females are encouraged to venture into assorted concerns. Initial stairss in Foreign Policy are witnesses as Germany embraces National Socialism and Modernity. Changing Population Size: As the state recovers from the First and the Second World Wars, an addition in population size occurs chiefly due to in-migration. The state is going more industrialised and many people are attracted to remain in Germany. Birth and Death Ratess: There are high birth rates and diminishing decease rates following the terminal of the Wars. Peace is easy shacking in the state and women’s rights are being fought for, therefore promoting adult females to bear kids one time more. Environmental Impact:Environmental impact is on the addition due to Industrialization. The state has recovered from the war and is now seeking to stabilise. Phase 3: Decreasing birth rate, diminishing decease rate, increasing population size Stage three of demographic passage occurred in Germany in the old ages between 1960 and 1980 ( Kitchen, 2011 ) . Major Historical Changes: Germany’s Federal Republic forges the Great Alliance of 1966 to 1969. The state confronts with the past and forms the Extra-Parliamentary Opposition. The Chancellorship of Willy Brandt is formalized ; this is followed by subsequent terrorist act in the state, coercing the federal authorities to turn to this issue. During this clip, Germany besides debates on the forging and use of Atomic Weapons. The West German Society undergoes a major transmutation during this clip. Changing Population Size: The population size is still relevantly low and changeless as Germans are seeking to set themselves into the New Germany. Peoples peculiarly aliens are still loath to hold lasting abode in the state. Birth and Death Ratess: The birth rates are still high and decease rates quickly diminishing. Environmental Impact: Industrialization has been embraced to the full and this is doing legion cases of pollution to the ambiance and the general society. Phase 4: Low birth rate, low decease rate, high population size Stage four of demographic passage occurred in Germany in the old ages between 1990 and 2009 ( The World at 7 Billion, 2011 ) . Major Historical Changes: The state welcomes technological promotions. The Berlin Wall is torn down and both East and West Germany reunified after their division in the class of the Cold War. The reunion of Germany brings about arguments over the nation’s yesteryear. Changing Population Size: The population size is on the addition as people have now become comfy plenty to settle in the state. Foreigners are besides puting in concerns though at a lower rate. Birth and Death Ratess: The birth rates have decreased and so has the decease rates. Womans have become more sceptered and are now capable of gaining their single income through employment. They are choosing to work foremost so hold kids when they are financially stable. Environmental Impact: The state is sing increased urbanisation every bit good as industrialisation. Pollution and toxic chemicals from industries and mills are doing challenges to the environment every bit good as the German community, as bulk of persons opt to fire fossil fuels for their day-to-day usage. Phase 5: Low birth rate, low decease rate, population size diminishing Stage five of demographic passage occurred in Germany in the old ages between 2010 and the present twenty-four hours ( Kitchen, 2011 ) . Major Historical Changes: The position of adult females has eventually been established where an estimated 95 % of German adult females are employed outside the place. Following the reunion of the state, the authorities has adapted Angela Merkel’s two Coalition authoritiess. Germany is presently economically stable thanks to globalisation and industrialisation that has seen it opening its markets and concerns to foreign states. Changing Population Size: Germany’s population size has late been on the addition as more and more persons are migrating to the state for concern or lasting residence. The current population size is predicted to increase in the coming old ages as people continue to settle in the state. Birth and Death Ratess: There are presently low birth rates every bit good as low decease rates in Germany. The low birth rates can be attributed to the freedom adult females have in this twenty-four hours and age, one where they can take non to bear kids but alternatively concentrate more on their hubbies and callings. The mean household now has one to two kids. Environmental Impact: The current high criterion of life that has been witnessed in Germany in the recent yesteryear has resulted in a big C footmark every bit good as high degrees of pollution. Environmentalists are doing attempts of raising awareness though more still needs to be done. The car industry for case Mercedes Benz has started fabricating environmentally-friendly vehicles normally known as intercrossed autos, to minimise the impact of pollution in the air caused by conventional autos. Mentions Allen, R.C. ( 2003 ) . Advancement and Poverty in Early Modern Europe.Economic History Review,56: 403 – 443. Ewert, U.C. ( 2006 ) . The Biological Standard of Living on the Decline: Episodes from Germany During Early Industrialization.European Review of Economic History, 10: 51- 88. Kitchen, M. ( 2011 ) .A History of Modern Germany: 1800 to the Present. 2neodymiumEdition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. Lucas, R.E. , Jr. ( 2002 ) .Lectures on Economic Growth. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. The World at 7 Billion. ( 2011 ) .Germany: Beyond the Demographic Transition’s End. Retrieved, April 27 2014, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2011/world-population-data-sheet/germany.aspx

Premature Baby

A new medical practice for premature babies -Touching or No Touching- In the world, more than 300 thousand people are born in a day, but 10 percent of them are born as premature babies. The premature birth rate has increased by about 36 percent since the early 1980s, and many of them have died. Fortunately the good news is that the survival rate of the preterm has increased remarkably due to improvements in neonatology, such as using incubator transport. However, compared with in utero transport, incubator transport, based on separation between with mother and infants, is not natural thing, and it still has risks.Incubator transport for preterm still has some known disadvantages including infant instability by lack of adequate systems for securing the infant, and separation of mother and infant. Even though it has some risk, it has been known as an optimal practice for care of extensible number of premature infants. According to Statehealthfacts. org, in the United States in 2009, th ere were 502,306 preterm births born. This is 12. 2% of births in the United States, 2009. Table. 1 Number of births, number of preterm births, and preterm births as a percent of all births in the United States 2009 Normal full term babies are born at 38 weeks.Babies born before 37 weeks are defined as premature babies, and those born between 24 and 29 weeks are ‘extremely premature’. They usually have less weight than 1. 5kg (3. 3lb). And all babies born with less than standard birth weight, 2. 1kg (4lb) are at risk. Therefore, babies born early need special care and monitoring to help them to gain weight. To reduce disadvantages of incubators and improve care preterm babies, ‘Kangaroo care,’ a new medical practice for preterm babies, was introduced and being conducted in some united states medical facilities.Kangaroo care is also known as kangaroo mother care, kangaroo baby care, and skin to skin care. Although the name varies, the concept is that holding an infant, naked except for a diaper and hat, against the bare chest of an adult for the purpose of providing the infant with a natural thermal environmental, nurturing touch, and enhanced opportunity to breast-feed. â€Å"Although numerous studies have explored the value of kangaroo care for premature or stressed newborns, the literature informing the effects of kangaroo care to people is scarce† the study by Janice Collisons said.Mostly, the incubator as a present medical system is being used. The current predominant model of neonatal stabilization like incubators involves placing the infant in an open warmer immediately after delivery. This practice immediately separates the mother and infant during a crucial period of extra uterine adaptation, and may be a venue for delayed neonatal physiological adaptation, reduced breast-feeding, and impaired maternal infant bonding. The goal of my research is to know the benefits of kangaroo care as a stabilization method for preterm infants, and to figure out how it contributes the health of infants.In March of 2010, a mother gave birth to a premature infant son, named Jamie. She was told that the baby had died despite the best efforts of the medical staff. She was given a chance to hold and cuddle him on her chest in order to say goodbye. When placed on her chest, his breath began coming in short bursts, and his parents and the medical staffs were astonished when Jamie opened his eyes with stable breathing. Jamie is now a normal active 2 year old boy. What this mother and child experienced is kangaroo care because it is similar to the same care a baby kangaroo receives in its mother’s pouch.Doctor, Susan Ludington says â€Å"many people don’t understand this situation, but there are eight reports of other babies revived by kangaroo care. The mother can stimulate the baby to live. I think the Kangaroo care helped† In fact, this method had been used in Colombia. Due to increasing mortality r ates in Bogota, Colombia, in 1978, Dr. Edgar Rey introduced kangaroo care to alleviate the shortage of caregivers and lack of incubators. This care was found to be an inexpensive and very beneficial experience to babies in Bogota, Colombia.The mortality rate finally fell to 30 percent from 70 percent. Most studies have proven that Kangaroo care has positive impacts on babies and their parents; some studies have proven there is no change; but no study has proven that kangaroo care has hurt either parent or baby. By offering it to newborns, they have a stable heart rate, more regular breathing, improved oxygen saturation levels, no stress, longer periods of sleep, more rapid weight gain, and earlier hospital discharge. The first benefit of the kangaroo care is that preterm babies can have longer periods of sleep.Researchers have come a long way in determining the major cause of colic. The common conclusion in 1999 is that colic is caused by a baby’s inability to transition from one sleep state to another – like from an alert state into a sleep state and back again. Kangaroo care performed in a quiet, low light environment with any baby has been proven to reduce crying and help the baby learn to transition from one sleep state to another. A study done by Patricia Messmer in 1997 found a significant increase in sleep time for the neonates during Kangaroo care.The kangaroo care can relieve the pain of preterm babies during treatment such as blood test, injection of medication, and several physical tests which give significant pain to the babies. Because the premature babies are really vulnerable to surroundings, doctors need to take blood samples to check their health every day. They usually take 3cc amount of blood from the babies. The volume of blood drawn (3cc) from babies is proportionate to that drawn (400cc) from adults. How painful it is for the babies to stand.The experiment that measured the pain level to premature babies from the blood test was conducted while kangaroo care procedure. The result of the experiment showed that the babies felt less pain when they were on mother’s chest. According to the article ‘Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates’, it concludes ‘Kangaroo care was effective in significantly decreasing pain response on the behavioral components of a validated composite measure of pain in preterm babies.Given the many invasive procedures that are part of clinical care in preterm babies, KC may be a safe analgesic alternative in neonates in whom it is feasible and with mothers who are comfortable providing KC for painful events’ The newest studies that are being done in Sweden and other countries concentrate on full term babies in respiratory distress. They take these babies, who would normally be put on respirators, and place them on the mom's chest immediately after birth in the Kangaroo Care position. Babies stayed on mom until the r espiratory distress was gone – within 48 hours for most babies.Oxygen hoods and cannulas (small tubes) were used if needed. In preterm babies, the effects of Kangaroo Care on these functions are just as dramatic. In 1998, Dr. Susan found a four-fold decrease in apnea during Kangaroo Care and ventilated babies were able to tolerate transfer and position changes without increased oxygen requirements. In 1997, GM Cleary, et al concluded there was no increase in bradycardia(slow heart rate –below 60 beats per min) episodes during Kangaroo Care. In 1998, Gay Gale and Kathleen Vandenburg concluded that the heart rate was more regular for Kangarooed infants.All-in-all, the baby fared much better when placed in Kangaroo Care. â€Å"With my own ventilated preemie (1 pound 12 ounces at birth) I noticed a 50% reduction in oxygen requirements, no apneas, more stable heart rate, and more spontaneous respiration when I held her skin-to-skin. † Holly Richardson concluded that more rapid weight gain was observed in Kangarooed infants. Kangaroo care allows the baby to fall into a deep sleep by conserving their energy for far more important things. This increased weight gain also leads to shorter hospital stays.Kangarooed infants can have as much as a 50% shorter hospital stay than babies who are not kangarooed. This means less expense for the parents and children. In 1990, Dr. Susan Ludington demonstrated that mothers showed thermal synchrony with their babies. A recent study placed babies in Kangaroo Care position on the mother's chest and temperatures were taken periodically of both the mother's chest and the baby. The study revealed that when the baby got cold, the mother's body temperature would increase to ‘warm' the baby up. The reverse was also true.Given a suggestion of â€Å"Your baby looks warm to me† by a nurse, the mother's chest temperature would decrease within minutes to compensate. Extra blankets and monitoring of baby's temper ature might be needed when Dad or others practice Kangaroo Care, but in 1997, Karl Bauer wrote that one hour of skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) was no cold to preterm infants. In 1998, Papi A Gomez found infants in Kangaroo Care for more than 50 minutes were 8 times more likely to breast feed spontaneously. Kangaroo Care allows for easy access to the breast, and the skin-to-skin contact increases milk let-down.A receiving blanket, strategically placed to catch extra milk is extremely helpful – especially if the baby is unable to breast feed. Otherwise, some doctors argue that there is risk of a bacterial infection if vulnerable infants come out from incubators. However, by using kangaroo care the immunity of premature babies is built up so they are not easily affected by any bacterial infection. Why? It’s because of the breast milk, containing lymphocytes and macrophages that produce antibodies. The kangaroo care facilitates an easy access breast feeding for both moms and babies than incubators.As long as mothers are in good health and can produce healthy breast milk, the premature babies’ immune system will develop. Richardson proposed that brain development is more rapid in the baby who benefits from Kangaroo care. Her research reveals that ‘alpha waves double in a baby being â€Å"kangarooed† versus a baby in an incubator. Alpha waves are the brain wave patterns associated with contentment and bliss. Delta brushes are a pattern formed when tracking brain activity that represents the creation of new neural synapses.Delta brushes are higher during Kangaroo care than during incubator care. ’ Through some cases and studies, kangaroo care can contribute to give an efficient treatment, as well as a miracle revival, to premature infants as long as it comes into wide use in a medical institution rather than using of artificial facilities which give stress to vulnerable infants. These benefits of kangaroo care are basica lly from mother’s love and communication. The incubator transport may give the stable care to the babies but it’s not perfect and not natural to them. It cannot be compared with mother’s bosom.Some hospitals, combining both this touching system and the incubator, experience the positive results from the kangaroo care. However, there is still a huge lack of the knowledge of the kangaroo care. How to encourage people to know about the kangaroo care? Telling is the best way to spread it out to people. When people become parents with knowledge of the kangaroo care, they may use this touching in their home. It’s easy for every parent to use. Parents should know that their love and touching are what vulnerable babies need, not a cold and impersonal facility.Bibliography Articles Barb Morrison. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: ‘Natures Best for our Little Ones’† (2006) Web Feb 22. 2012 <http://www. preciousimagecreations. com/presentations/kangaroocar e. pdf> Maria Blois. â€Å"Hold Me Close: ‘Encouraging essential mother/baby physical contact’† (2007) Web Feb 22. 2012 < http://www. babywearinginternational. org/Blois_research_summary. pdf> Dieter Sontheimer. â€Å"Kangaroo Transport Instead of Incubator Transport†(2004) Web Mar 11. 2004 < http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/113/4/920. full > Celeste Johnson. Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates† (2003) Web Mar 11. 2012 < http://archpedi. ama-assn. org/cgi/reprint/157/11/1084 > Leornard A. Herzenberg. â€Å"Soluable CD14 enriched in colostrum and milk induces B cell growth and differentiation† (2000) Web Mar 20. 2012 <http://www. pnas. org/content/98/2/603. full> Books Ludington-Hoe. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: The Best You Can Do for Your Premature Infant. † New York: Bantam Books(1993). Web Feb 22. 2012 Bergman. â€Å"Kangaroo Mother Care†. Geddes Product ions (2003). Web Feb 22. 2012 Web Mhaire Fraser. Mom Uses Kangaroo Care to Revive Child Pronounced Dead. † Care2 Make a Difference. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Holly Richardson. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: Why Does It Work? † Midwifery Today. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Krisanne Larimer. â€Å"Kangaroo Care Benfits† Premature Baby. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Kaiser Family. â€Å"United States: Number of Birth, 2009† â€Å"United States: Number of Preterm Births, 2009† â€Å"United States: Preterm Births as a Percent of All Births, 2009† Statehealthfacts. org. Web Mar 14, 2012 Jane Sheppard. â€Å"Breastfeeding for a strong immune system†. Web. 20 Mar, 2012 Rebecca M. Pugh. â€Å"Supporting the birth that is right for you†. Web. 20 Mar, 2012

Free Essays on Longitudes And Attitudes

Longitudes and Attitudes: Review and Reaction Prior to September 11, along with many other college students, I led a sheltered life-having no knowledge about current events and foreign affairs. Not a worry in the world other than getting that last assignment in on time before heading out with my friends for the evening. I don’t know if it is me gaining maturity and becoming more interested or the media focusing intensely on national security, but I have become more aware and involved in these issues. So when I first heard about this assignment, I was excited to learn about the past and present of the war on terror. The first thing I looked for when opening this book was how and when the author proved his credibility. Did he have any political influences on his columns? He immediately explained himself as the foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times. He also assured the reader that there were no outside influences on the content of his columns. The author stated that the only person who saw the column each week prior to it being published was the copy editor who only edits them for grammar and spelling, but does not have any say about the opinion he adopts. But being he was working for the New York Times, did he feel the need to defend America rather than analyze both sides of the conflicts? He did defend America the entire time, providing both a strong opinion and the raw facts for the reader to analyze and opinionate on his or her own. The purpose of this book is to help the reader understand why the west and the Arab worlds are so divided. It explains all the reason why some cultures in the Arab world are against America-how they were brought up to hate America. It shows how children in some worlds are taught only about religion and beliefs, and not about educating themselves for their future. Friedman included in this book a letter from former President Bill Clinton written to the Arab Street. In this... Free Essays on Longitudes And Attitudes Free Essays on Longitudes And Attitudes Longitudes and Attitudes: Review and Reaction Prior to September 11, along with many other college students, I led a sheltered life-having no knowledge about current events and foreign affairs. Not a worry in the world other than getting that last assignment in on time before heading out with my friends for the evening. I don’t know if it is me gaining maturity and becoming more interested or the media focusing intensely on national security, but I have become more aware and involved in these issues. So when I first heard about this assignment, I was excited to learn about the past and present of the war on terror. The first thing I looked for when opening this book was how and when the author proved his credibility. Did he have any political influences on his columns? He immediately explained himself as the foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times. He also assured the reader that there were no outside influences on the content of his columns. The author stated that the only person who saw the column each week prior to it being published was the copy editor who only edits them for grammar and spelling, but does not have any say about the opinion he adopts. But being he was working for the New York Times, did he feel the need to defend America rather than analyze both sides of the conflicts? He did defend America the entire time, providing both a strong opinion and the raw facts for the reader to analyze and opinionate on his or her own. The purpose of this book is to help the reader understand why the west and the Arab worlds are so divided. It explains all the reason why some cultures in the Arab world are against America-how they were brought up to hate America. It shows how children in some worlds are taught only about religion and beliefs, and not about educating themselves for their future. Friedman included in this book a letter from former President Bill Clinton written to the Arab Street. In this...

Analysis Of Lolitas Enslavement To Humbert English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Lolitas Enslavement To Humbert English Literature Essay Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita depicts the relationship between a young girl and a much older3333 man. Humbert Humbert is in his late thirties and forties throughout the book and he talks the reader through how this relationship with Lolita made him feel and how it progressed as she got older and they moved around becoming closer as the months went on. Humbert Humbert narrates the entire book and he expresses to us how Lolita was in his words, but we never hear how it was for her, her side of the story, and how she felt in reality and not just how Humber Humbert thought she felt and was. It can be seen as how he wanted to ensure the reader believed him, about how he didn’t approve himself of the relationship he had and longed for with Lolita. It also however, makes the reader wonder was Lolita in one sense a slave to Humbert in that she was trapped as his daughter and lover because she had nobody else, the novel only gives Humbert’s point of view so there is no thing saying he isn’t making up Lolita’s personality to make himself look better to the reader. Humbert Humbert begins the book with a short chapter one his love for Lolita. He claims that his love for Lolita was only so strong because he had once loved a young girl before her for one summer, Annabel. He initially comes to meet Lolita when in chapter ten he moves to New England, to the house if Mrs Haze, 342 lawn street as she extended an invitation to him when he was stuck unsure of where he’d b going   [ 1 ]   . He sees Lolita for the first time in the garden and he describes her as if she was the young girl from his past, Annabel, and in doing this he seems to of immediately fallen for Lolita. Seeing Lolita was so much like Annabel, Humbert decides to accept Mrs. Haze’s invitation to stay on at the house. As the novel progresses we learn hoe Humbert’s ‘fondness’ for Lolita grew. He describes how he used to look at her and watch her sometimes. The reader quickly learns how fascinated he was becoming with Lolita, he would go into her bedroom from time to time and touch her things to be near her, â€Å"My heart seemed everywhere at once. Never in my life – not even when fondling my child – love in France – never†Ã‚   [ 2 ]   . Lolita it seems had no idea as to what Humbert was doing. It is during this part of the book that Humber first kisses Lolita, it was just on her eyelid but to him this created agony, when describing it in the book Humbert says â€Å"never have I experienced such agony†Ã‚   [ 3 ]   . Humbert becomes increasingly close to Lolita and her mother, mainly so he can continue being around the â€Å"hot little haze†. Even though he continually tries to justify his actions the reader still has no reason to trust him because he clearly tells of his deceit and the feelings he should not be having. After Lolita leaves for camp, Humbert and Charlotte Haze get engaged, this is purely from Humbert’s point of view just another way to stay in the house without question. However while Lolita is still at camp her mother gets run over by a car swerving from a dog and she is killed. Humbert now has to go and get Lolita from camp and tell her about her mother. They go to stay in a hotel and on the way she kisses him and again in the hotel. Humbert realises he still loves her and thought of being a good father figure leaves him. Also in the novel, towards the end or Part One, Humbert and Lolita’s relationship turns clearly sexual and it makes the reader question him, and whether we can trust how he describes the affair and how he says the Lolita seduced him in the hotel and not the other way around. Could Lolita of been too young to understand what was going on, the initial advance she makes on Humbert while she was so young is also questionable, Humbert was the only one she had at this point in her life, Humbert himself says ho w it was probably nothing huge for her, just exploring and living her adolescent life. And as Simone de Beauvoir says â€Å"She is already free of her childish past, and the present seems but a time of transition; it contains no valid aims, only occupations†Ã‚   [ 4 ]   .He also tells her at the end of Part One the truth about her mother and this upsets Lolita, drawing her closer and closer to Humbert, â€Å"in the middle of the night she came sobbing into mine, and we made it up very gently. You see, she had absolutely nowhere else to go†Ã‚   [ 5 ]   .

Follow the Leader Case Study (On Colin L. Powell (Former Secretary of Essay

Follow the Leader Case Study (On Colin L. Powell (Former Secretary of State)) - Essay Example This could not be achieved without his leadership qualities. Leadership is one of the most important traits of human personality. Leadership is the ability in a certain person that influences people present in the environment for the attainments of goals. The concept of leadership however, continues to evolve as the needs of organizational changes take place. Leadership is dynamic and involves the use of different kinds of power. These powers are bifurcated into two main categories; position power and referent power. Many people might mix leadership with management thinking that every manager working at any post of any organization or state can be leader. This is not true at all. The ability to motivate people by your thoughts and personality is not a job everyone can do. Managers are just individuals who are bestowed upon the responsibility by the management to manage a certain task and possess a certain amount of position power; power that comes due to a person's position in the hierarchy. A manager can reward you, punish you or make you work just on the basis of his or her position. Leadership is more of an internal thing; it comes with the personality characteristics or a person's special knowledge. These qualities help the leader to command subordinates' identification with respect and admiration for the leader. These leadership qualities also helps in generating commitment from the subordinates which is different from the one generated by a manager. Commitment means that the people will sh are the leader's point of view and enthusiastically carry out instructions. Leaders usually possess certain personality traits that are considered instrumental in building up their overall personality. The idea was to understand what qualities make the leaders different from other people. These traits include alertness, originality, creativity, self-confidence, ethical conduct and personal identity to name a few. Apart from these traits, work related, social and physical traits possessed by leaders are also different from others. Further studies into this matter have led to the development of another important factor that helps to sustain or break leadership; that relationship is the one between the leader and his or her followers. All the characteristics make a leader different from the ordinary masses. However, one thing should be kept in mind that the leaders are just not born; leadership is a quality that can be introduced in certain people providing them with the right kind of environment. Usually it depends on the kind of environment people have been raised in. Collin L Powell Collin L Powell was born to Jamaican immigrants in 1937 who emphasized on the importance of education and personal achievement. During his early stages of youth, he was unsure of what he wanted with life or what he wanted to achieve. He entered the City College of New York to study geology and it was there he found out the path he wanted to pursue in his life. He joined the Reserves Officers Training Corps (ROTC). He graduated from there with the highest rank on can get at ROTC i.e. of cadet colonel. The army was also able to foresee his leadership skills and his maturity to handle such matters and he was promoted to the level of second lieutenant in the United States Army. He was awarded the Purple Heart