Marketing Plan of Nestle free essay sample

In the Name of Allah the All Merciful, the Most Merciful. MARKETING MIX OMER MAQSOOD ALI (L1F07MBAM2072) M. USMAN TANVEER (L1F07MBAM0074) AMAL AMJAD (L1F07MBAM2091) AYESHA SAEED(L1F07MBAM2098) MBA Section (B) Presented To: PROF. S. ALAM University Of Central Punjab Lahore. Acknowledgment: We are very grateful to many people for their help and encouragement during the project writing of this report. We especially want to thank Sir S. ALAM for giving us helping us in this project PRODUCT NAME : â€Å"NESTLE INSTANT MILK’’ GROUP NAME: (G) TABLE OF CONTENTS MISSION STATEMENT ? STORY OF NESTLE ? DYNAMIC EXPANSION ? BRANDS OF NESTLE ? BOARD OF DIRECTORS ? AUDIT COMMITTEE ? NESTLE’S OBJECTIVES ? MARKETING AND SALES ? MARKET POSITION ? NESTLE EVERYDAY ? RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ? MARKETING MIX ? PROBLEMS FACED BY NESTLE ? RECOMMENDATIONS ? SWOT ANALYSIS ? FUTURE OF NESTLE . MISSION STATEMENT â€Å"AT NEWSTLE, WE BELIEVE THAT RESEARCH CAN HELP US MAKE BETTER FOOD SO T HAT PEOPLE LIVE A BETTER LIFE. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan of Nestle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † NESTLE STORY: Nestle Pakistan is a subsidiary of nestle S. A a company of Swiss origin headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is a food processing company, registered on the Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges. For 5 years in a row, the company has won a place among the top 25 companies of the Karachi stock exchange. Headquartered in Lahore the company operates 5 production facilities. Two of its factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are multi products factories. One factory in Islamabad and 2 in Karachi produce bottled water. Through its effective marketing and vast sales and distribution network throughout the country, it ensures that its products are made available to consumers whenever, wherever and however. In the line with Nestle’s global philosophy, Nestle Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellence in product and safety and quality and providing value and services to its consumers. On the social front it is very responsible when it comes to environmentally sound business practices and corporate social responsibility. Nestle Pakistan operates in many ways but people products and brands are tge main flag bearers of the company’s image. Dynamic expansion Nestle Pakistan has being at the forefront of development of dairy sector in Pakistan as major industrial stake holder for a while . nternal efforts and some initiatives with government have being going on since long in order to maximize the development of the sector . still, a need for sector wise coordination and combine efforts was there to ensure utilization of all available resources to move forward in the direction. Through the agric-services department nestle has being involved with various infrastructure and support related initiatives such as development of model farms, setup of milk chiller and import of Australian cow to boost milk production . estle is also working towards setting up mega dairy farms to exemplify best farm practices and ways to boost mike production . Brands of Nestle ? Kit Kat ? Nescafe ? Nestle Milo ? Maggi ? Nestle water ? Nido ? Nestle milk pack ? Nestle cerelac ? Friskies ? Nestle yogurt ? Nestle pudina raita ? Nestle zeera raita ? Nestle flavors cream ? Nestle rice ? Nestle frost ? Polo ? Breakfast cereals ? Lactogen ? Milkpack desi ghee ? Milkpack uht cream Board Of Directors 1. Syed yawar Ali Chairman 2. Roland Decorvet M. D. 3. Fritz van dink Director 4. Roger steller Director 5. A. cantacuzene Director 6. Syed babar Ali Director 7. Syed Hyder Ali Director Audit committee Syed hyder Ali Syed Babar Ali Peter wuethrich Objectives of nestle Marketing objectives are compatible with the overall corporate objectives of nestle. Company’s objective is to be the world’s largest and best branded food manufacturer while insuring that nestle name is synonymous with the products of the highest quality. Its chief objectives are: To achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems. †¢ To build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. †¢ To ensure continuous improvement of nestles environmental performance. †¢ Conservation of natural resources and minimization of waste. †¢ Total compliance with the laws. †¢ To establish the benchmark for good business practice. †¢ Employing new technologies and pr ocessing. †¢ By committing to resources, both human and financial. †¢ Measuring the cost and benefits to business of it’s activities. Monitor progress. †¢ Audit results. †¢ Review targets. Marketing and sales During the year under review the company achieved sustainable profitable growth by capitalizing on the opportunity presented by a positive business environment. This became possible through successful marketing and sales strategies and focus on key initiatives. Innovation and renovation remained the key to development of new products. In 2006 several new products were introduced that included fruit vitals juice, NIDO 3+, podina raita, honey and banana flavored cream for Afghanistan and new packaging for several products. During the period under review we continued with our strategy to increase distribution penetration and develop additional trade channels. Activities such as town storming, special distribution drives and distributor training were extensively undertaken in second strata towns. Area-based territory management continued to be strengthened and wider availability and visibility of products provided a competitive edge. The key initiative of category sales development continued to effectively strengthen strategy planning with respect to channels, customers and shoppers. Nestle everyday To target the large potential offered by the tea-creaming segment, nestle everyday tea-creamer was launched in 1992. supported by integrated marketing, focused distribution with sampling drives and excellent consumer acceptance, the brand has shown strong growth and holds great promise for the future. The brand is available in a variety of pack sizes ranging from 40 to 1000 gm. MARKET POSITION UHT milk grew at a faster pace than the industry, mainly due to price stability and aggressive media and non-media activities. NESTLE Plain Yogurt was launched on November 1, 2000 in the biggest branded yogurt market Lahore, supported by a fully integrated marketing campaign. The product was very well received by the consumers. We continued to expand our water business. While NESTLE PURE LIFE retained its significant market share in the retail sector, we launched the Jumbo Service (5-gallon bottles for home and office consumption) in July 2000 in Lahore, thereby entering avery promising market segment. The results are very positive and the market is developing fast. Research Development Nestle, the worlds biggest food Group, is also the global leader in the industry with regard to Research and Development (R), No other food company matches the R presence of Nestle, with a worldwide network of centres in 17 locations on four continents. Noother food company dedicates so many human and financial resources to R: an international staff of 3500 engaged in the search for innovative new products and the renovation of existing ones. Year after year, Nestle invests some 800 million Swiss francs into R as a major driving force of its double strategy: to strengthen the Companys brands worldwide and to continue to support future long-term growth and competitiveness through innovation and renovation. At the threshold of this new millennium, Nestle’s objective is to consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area, in order to meet the needs and desires of consumers around the world, for pleasure, convenience, health and well being. In addition, significant progress was achieved across the broad range of our business activities such as Information systems, logistics, sales and distribution structure where strong distribution and effective merchandising made a major contribution in achieving the high rate of growth as mentioned above Marketing mix †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Promotion †¢ Placement Questionnaire Name: M. ARSHAD Designation: Acting team leader (production department) Location: Kabirwala Factory Contact no. :0300-4188099 PRODUCT Q: When was Nestle Instant Milk launched in the market? A: Nestle first launched its powder milk in the market in 2003 and then came the liquid powder. Q: W hat are the specific features of the product that makes it different from other similar products present in the market? A: Nestle has introduced the milk powder which outshined others because of its great taste, refrigeration, ready to drink, less volume, more stable shelf life. Q: Is the product manufactured locally or imported? A: The entire production of the Nestle Everyday is carried out in Pakistan at Sheikhupura and Kabianwala. Q: What is the role of Research and Development department in the development of the product? A: At Nestle the Research and Development department is called as the â€Å"APPLICATION GROUP† . No other company matches the RD presence of Nestle. No other company dedicates so many human and financial resources to RD as Nestle. Q: Is the technology in making the products also local? A: No the technology is imported and is latest. Q: Did Nestle made any changes in the product or its manufacturing process since its launch? A: Yes, the factory mil powders spray drying capacity was doubled in 1999 with commissioning of new evaporator. Q: When Nestle launched the product, do its sales excel or fell short of the company sales targets? A: the actual target is a company’s secret that will not be disclosed. But we received an overwhelming acceptance and liking of the product. Q: Is Nestle instant milk good for health; is it according to international health standards? A: Over many years company’s primary concern has been to improve the quality and volume of milk for UHT processing and other milk based products. Q: What is the target market of product? A: The target market of the product is definitely he tea drinkers who have a choice and capacity for the best taste. Q: Did the company ever have some problems with the product? A: There was a problem of salmentation but it was quickly taken into notice and the problem was readily removed. Q: Did the company have any special concept behind launching the product? A: It is designed to be used in general but it is popular mostly in offices and cafes for tea purposes. Q: Did Nestle receive any complaints about the product ever? A: yes, but now the error rate has been reduced to zero. 2004 3 complaints 2005 6 complaints 2006 4 complaints 2007 - 2 complaints Q: What is the current position of the product in the market? A: Well the product is matchless in quality and has no match. It has a sufficient name and place in the market. Q: Do the company donate any money from its product sales? A: On the basis of profit margin Nestle seldom make donations o non- profit organizations and charitable institutions. Q: How do you make sure that the cows which are milked are disinfected? Nestle has its own diary farms from which we collect milk and we have a special team of veterans who regularly inject animals against epidemic diseases. Q: what about the packing of the product, any specifications? A: Yes the Nestle logo is a must, other than that the product is made available in convenient sizes and attractive colors. The WHITE color is the chief color to depict the color f milk. Q: Who are the major competitors of product? A: competitors are Olpers (Angro) and Halib milk. Q: Who are the industrial consumers of Nestle Everyday instant milk? A: PIA, MC-DONALDS and PEARL CONTINENTAL Pakistan. PRICE Q: How do you set prices for your products? A: We set prices of our own because Nestle is the trend setter in the market. Q: What is the profit margin of the product? A: The profit margin is usually high because of the igh quality of the product. Q: Does the prices fluctuate or they remain stable ? A: As the product is a diary product so its prices generally trend to fluctuate. Q: On what scale prices are fixed? A: The prices are fixed on a reasonable scale so that majority of public can afford. Q: Does competitors prices bother your price policy? A: Not really, we set price of our own. Q: Do you give price discounts? A: Not to the final consumers but it can be considered for the he organizational consumers like Nestle has given discounts to PIA. Q: Do you have any price refund policy? A: No, we never return the paid money back. If the claim is valid then we can replace the products. PROMOTION Q: What are the channels adopted for promotion? A: TV, News papers, magazines and doctors. Q: What is the advertisement budget of the company? A: It is preplanned b the start of financial year. It is kept secret b the company. Q: Who are the sponsors of the company? A: Nestle does not have any sponsors. Q: Does Nestle have any brand ambassador? A: No, Nestle has no brand ambassador. Q: What is the share of promotion in overall project? A: It varies every year. Usually it is 40% of the product. Q: What is the nature of marketing for the product? A: The product is marketed aggressively in the market. Q: Is there any online promotion methods? A: In Pakistan, not really. PLACEMENT Q: Where are the outlets of product located? A: These are located all over in Pakistan regardless of big and small cities. Q: Does the product is sold directly to the consumers or via distributors? A: The product is not sold directly t the customers because of the extensive consumer groups. Q: What are the insurance policies of companies? A: Insurance policies are maintained but they are hihly confidential. Q: What is the warehousing facilitation of company? A: Nestle has its own warehouses for the storage of products as well as it has also hired some warehouses. Q: What are the transportation modes of the product? A: Usually mode of transportation is road. Q: Did customers or suppliers ever complaint about shortage of Instant Milk in market? A: No we have a well defined system to ensure that products at right time are at right place. Q: Does the company uses any E-distribution for the product? A: Due to the distribution problems that a number of online firms face Nestle until now has no plans for E – distribution. PROBLEMS FACED BY NESTLE The problems for Nestle in today’s world are the claims faced by it as being charged with the responsibility of violating the â€Å"International Marketing Codes†. Nestle claims that I is doing nothing wrong and unethical in the way it markets is baby foods around the world. Baby milk action has raised the case of â€Å"SYED AAMAR RAZA† who has publicizes evidence of Nestle’s malpractice in Pakistan also as well. It has been claimed that company marketing is causing unnecessary deaths and sufferings of babies, largely among poor because they do not use the proper amount of powder in order to save some volume for future use which causes great danger to baby life. Recommendations Nestle must state in writing that it accepts that the international code and the subsequent relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions are minimum requirements for every country. Nestle must state in writing that it will make required changes to bring its Baby Food Marketing policy and practice into line with International Code and Resolutions. SWOT ANALYSIS OF NESTLE TABLE OF CONTENTS: STRENGTHS TO BUILD ON WEAKNESESS TO COVER ON OPPORTUNITIES - TO CAPTURE THREATS TO DEFEND ON STRENGHTS The greatest strength of nestle is that it includes a culture that is team focused and an open door policy. Nestle focus on collectivism and performance orientation attitude which encourages employees to work harder. Another thing is high level of market share and that people all over the world trust and recognizes Nestle as a big brand name. Strength is that people trust on Nestle. It looks at achieving higher volumes by renovating existing products and innovating new products. Strength is that they are low cost operators which allow them to not only beat competition but also edging ahead operating excellence, innovation, renovation, product availability and communication are major strengths. IT is an important aspect that people all around the world are becoming more conscious about health, that’s why they prefer Nestle. WEAKNESESS One major weakness of Nestle is that it is entering into markets that are already mature and can give a tough competition to new entrants. Nestle Plain Yogurt has proved to be a Nestle weakness because it has been unable to make its market place in USA. But Nestle by analyzing the sensitive areas can overcome its weaknesses. OPPORTUNITIES Nestle in Pakistan has a great opportunity for expanding its markets because in Pakistan there is a large ready market of food and beverages due to trends of eating and the increasing . I t also has opportunities largely in China and India as well. Through proper marketing research Nestle can cash on to these opportunities. Threats Nestle is facing the threats by worldwide community due to its violation of international marketing standards. Many conferences and campaigns have been held against Nestle in this regard which can damage the name and trust of its customers. Another threat is due to the increasing popularity of its competitor OLPERS in local and international markets. FUTURE OF NESTLE Nestle is today the world’s largest food and beverage company with its mission to provide healthier lifestyle. It has launched many products in Pakistan the majority of which are popular and among the market leaders. Nestle is installing new plants and importing latest technologies to improve. Moreover, innovation is one of its greatest strengths so it has a bright future in Pakistan.

Free Essays on La Belle Dame Sans Merci

â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† wrote by Johns Keats means â€Å"the beautiful woman without mercy†. It’s the title of an old French court poem by Alian Chartier. I like this poem because Keats seems to be telling us about something that may have happened, or may happen someday to us. â€Å"You discover something that you think you really like. You don’t really understand it, but you’re sure it’s the best thing that’s ever happened to you. You are thrilled. You focus on it. You give in to the beauty and richness and pleasure, and let it overwhelm you. Then the pleasure is gone. Far more than a normal letdown, the experience has left you crippled emotionally. At least for a while, you don’t talk about regretting the experience. And it remains an important part of who you feel that you are†. Keats mostly writes about sensations and experiences the richness of life. â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† is a story illustrates a knight he meets a beautiful, wild-looking woman in a meadow. He visited with her, and decked her with flowers. â€Å"She did not speak, but looked and made sweet moan† (Keats, 751). He gave her his horse to ride, and she walked beside them. He saw nothing but her, because she leaned over in his face and sang a mysterious song. She spoke a language he could not understand, but he was confident she said she loved him. He kissed her to sleep, and feel asleep himself. He dreamed of a host of king, princess, and warriors, all pale as death. They shouted a terrible warning they were woman’s slaves. And now he was her slave too.... Free Essays on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Free Essays on La Belle Dame Sans Merci â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† wrote by Johns Keats means â€Å"the beautiful woman without mercy†. It’s the title of an old French court poem by Alian Chartier. I like this poem because Keats seems to be telling us about something that may have happened, or may happen someday to us. â€Å"You discover something that you think you really like. You don’t really understand it, but you’re sure it’s the best thing that’s ever happened to you. You are thrilled. You focus on it. You give in to the beauty and richness and pleasure, and let it overwhelm you. Then the pleasure is gone. Far more than a normal letdown, the experience has left you crippled emotionally. At least for a while, you don’t talk about regretting the experience. And it remains an important part of who you feel that you are†. Keats mostly writes about sensations and experiences the richness of life. â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci† is a story illustrates a knight he meets a beautiful, wild-looking woman in a meadow. He visited with her, and decked her with flowers. â€Å"She did not speak, but looked and made sweet moan† (Keats, 751). He gave her his horse to ride, and she walked beside them. He saw nothing but her, because she leaned over in his face and sang a mysterious song. She spoke a language he could not understand, but he was confident she said she loved him. He kissed her to sleep, and feel asleep himself. He dreamed of a host of king, princess, and warriors, all pale as death. They shouted a terrible warning they were woman’s slaves. And now he was her slave too....

Procompsognathus - Facts and Figures

Procompsognathus - Facts and Figures Name: Procompsognathus (Greek for before the elegant jaw); pronounced PRO-comp-SOG-nah-thuss Habitat: Swamps of western Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic (210 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 5-10 pounds Diet: Small animals and insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; bipedal posture; long legs and snout About Procompsognathus Despite its namebefore Compsognathusthe evolutionary relationship of Procompsognathus to the later and much-better known Compsognathus is uncertain at best. Because of the poor quality of this dinosaurs fossil remains, the best we can say about Procompsognathus is that it was a carnivorous reptile, but beyond that, its unclear if it was an early theropod dinosaur or a late archosaur akin to the bipedal Marasuchus (and thus not a dinosaur at all). In either event, though, Procompsognathus (and other reptiles like it) certainly lay at the base of later dinosaur evolution, either as direct progenitors of this fearsome breed or great-uncles a few times removes. One of the little known facts about Procompsognathus is that it was this dinosaur, and not Compsognathus, that had cameos in Michael Crichtons novels Jurassic Park and The Lost World. Crichton portrays compies as slightly venomous (in the books, Procompsognathus bites render their victims drowsy and ready for the kill), as well as eager consumers of sauropod poop. Needless to say, both of these attributes are complete inventions; to date, paleontologists have yet to identify any venomous dinosaurs, and there is no fossil evidence that any dinosaurs ate excrement (though its certainly not outside the range of possibility).

Humans versus Nature-- which selects better for human survival, from a Essay - 3

Humans versus Nature-- which selects better for human survival, from a biological point of view - Essay Example All through the peoples lives, their genomes cooperate with their surroundings to cause varieties in attributes. Nature of a genome incorporates the atomic science in the cell, different cells, different people, populaces, species, and in addition the abiotic environment. Individuals with specific variations of the attribute may survive and duplicate more than people with other, less fruitful, variations. In this way the populace advances as the components that influence conceptive achievement are additionally imperative, an issue that Charles Darwin grew in his thoughts on sexual choice. Characteristic determination follows up on the phenotype, or the recognizable attributes of an organic entity, yet the hereditary (heritable) premise of any phenotype that gives a regenerative point of interest may get to be more normal in a populace (see allele recurrence). In the long run, this procedure can bring about populaces that practice for specific natural specialties and may in the end bring about the development of new species. At the end of the day, characteristic determination is a vital methodology (however not by any means the only process) by which advancement happens inside a populace of life forms (Wilson). Common determination can be diverged from counterfeit choice, in which people purposefully pick particular characteristics (in spite of the fact that they may not generally get what they need). In natural selection there is no deliberate decision as such, counterfeit determination is teleological and characteristic choice is not teleological. Natural selection is one of the foundations of present day science and the term was presented by Darwin in his persuasive 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was portrayed as comparable to manufactured choice, a procedure by which creatures and plants with qualities

Compare between Russia and America in Economic Essay - 1

Compare between Russia and America in Economic - Essay Example Apparently, with the advancement and reform in the environmental domain, nations’ were engaged in providing effective means of production and distribution to earn high competitive advantages. Thus, overall the concept of economic elaborates the process through which, the nation produces and distributes goods and/or services in a community for its all round development. Moreover, economics is identified as a widely extended concept, which is further sub-divided into different aspects including micro and macroeconomics. It is these distinctions made through the economic behavior of a country that indicates the underlying causes of why a nation performs better than the other or vice-versa (Stanford, â€Å"Economics for Everyone: On-Line Glossary of Terms & Concepts†). These underpinnings of economic assumptions can be better understood through the comparison of two economies, as is intended for this study. The two economies considered herewith are the American and the Russian economies. America, as an economic power, is often regarded one of the most technologically powerful nations, hosting a strong foundation of private businesses. Its skilled labor pool has also been one of the key drivers of its growth. Besides, the businesses in the US hold high level of flexibility in taking the key decisions concerning sustainable growth, which has further contributed towards the overall strengths of the economy (OECD, â€Å"OECD Economic Surveys: Russian Federation†; â€Å"OECD Economic Surveys: United States†). On the other hand, Russian economy had to undergo significant changes and reforms following the collapse of Soviet Union that in turn helped the economy become intensively market based. The reforms Russia had to witness during the ea rly 90’s of privatization have led to significant alterations in its economic model overall (OECD, â€Å"OECD

Principles of Democratic Education

Principles of Democratic Education What are the principles of democratic education? How are these principles and values in  tension/contradiction with our social construction of children and youth? For example, what  assumptions do we make about teaching, learning and youth that democratic schools challenge? How  does one size fits all centralized curriculum contribute to what Apple called the de-skilling of  teachers? What is lost when this approach is adapted, especially when it is combined with the  intensification of teaching? Explore the contradictions between what we say we want our students to  be when they are finished their schooling (engaged, critical thinkers, active contributors and problem  solvers) and how we are often educating young people. How does democratic education address this?  What are some of the challenges educators who want to introduce democratic principles into their  schools face? What are some of the potential rewards? How does democratic education address the notion th at all education, even that which claims to be value-centered, is political? Explain the relationship that concepts like voice and agency have to democratic principles in Education. Answer Democratic Education All beings are created as individuals and have different habits and intelligence. Ayers (2009) says that every human being is capable of infinite and incalculable valve. All of us have an exclusive intellectual, emotional, physical, spiritual, moral and creative force. Each person is born free and is equal in dignity and right. Each endows with reason and conscience. Every individual is deserves a community and sense of brotherhood and sisterhood, recognition and respect. This core value must express itself explicitly and implicitly in education as in every other aspect of associative living. Amy Gutmann (1999) defines democratic education  as a worldwide movement towards greater decision-making power for students in the running of their own schools. There is no generally agreed definition of the term, but at the IDEC: International Democratic Education Conference (2010) in 2005 the participants agreed that, in any educational setting, young people have the right: to decide individually how, when, what, where and with whom they learn To have an equal share in the decision-making in the running of their school and determining the rules and sanctions, if any, are necessary. IDEC (2010) supports schools which uphold respect and trust for children. They believe in shared responsibility and freedom of choice of activity. IDEC is open to schools which follow equality of status of children and adult and democratic governance by children and staff together. They do not believe in any superior guide and system. Principles of Democratic Education There are two pillars of democratic education: Self-determined learning A learning community based on equality and mutual respect Apple (1995) discusses that democratic education means that children and teachers engage in collaborative planning, reaching decisions that are in the interest of both their aspirations and desires. Those involved in democratic schools prize diversity. They consider themselves participants of communities of learning. Such communities include people representing a broad spectrum of age, culture, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class and abilities. However, these differences do not create stereotype; instead they enrich the community. Democracy means by definition means by the people, for the people. Therefore, it gives the community a shared purpose and allows people to set aside their self-interests and work for the greater good. Common goal is the central idea of democracy. Beane Apple (1995) explain that educators who are committed to democracy know that any inequality at schools will also be found in the community. Hence, they seek not only seek democracy in institutes but also want to extent to the community. If the community does not follow democratic conviction then concentrating on democratic education is pointless, because the young people will be affected by their surroundings and the concept will fail. Democratic education seeks to lessen the harshness of social inequities in school and change the conditions which create them. Challenges by Democratic Schools Democratic school challenge the approach of teaching that follows the belief that young people are to follow the lead of their teachers and not question their ability or knowledge. Democratic approach says that students and teachers should go hand-in-hand. They should participate in not only teaching practice but also the curriculum. Democratic education challenges the conventional way of assembling the curriculum and focus on broadening the horizons. These schools need to be based on the broad definition of we, a commitment to build a community that is of the school and the community in which the school exists. One Size Fit All Today all the focus is on privatization, marketization and decentralization. So, for teachers, going beyond approved material risks administrative consents. Jungck (2000) explains in her article that there is an immense pressure in not only to redefine the methods of teaching but also the purpose of education. if the schools, their teachers and curriculum are closely knitted, more technology oriented, according to the needs of business and industry, then it is expected that the problems of achievement and unemployment will be disappear along with the international economic competitiveness. In most of elementary and high schools, the curriculum is planned by the national or state department of education. It took teachers a lot of time and effort to minimize the total administrative control over the curriculum. Apple (1995) says, that after all, it is the teachers who teach in the class room and thus they should have a say in the matter. In most Western industrialized nations, the phenomenon of de-skilling of teachers is become common. It means that when individuals are unable to control a large portion of their job, they forget the essential skills required to perform the job. Teachers have been alienated from the tasks of setting curricular goals, designing lessons and individualized attention to students according to ability and need. Now, instead of teachers who care about what and why they teach, executioners of someone elses plan are created. The effect of this practice is very hostile for the profession of teaching itself. Quality is sacrificed on quantity as a result of de-skilling of teachers. They now want to cut corner and rely on the experts for their job. Jungck (2000) tells the concept of intensification; she says that collective skills of teachers are list as they concentrate on management skills. Ayers (2009) enforce the importance of education. He says that all children and youth in a democracy deserve full access to richly resourced classrooms led by caring, thoughtfully qualified, and generously compensated teachers. Whereas democratic education I affecting the professional teachers and turning them into managers. Intensification results in lack of enthusiasm and simplistic response to innovation. Educating Young People Every student brings their experiences and skills to school. They represent their community (Ayers, 1994). In another article Ayers (2009) states that, students should be able to make up their own judgment based on evidence, ask fundamental questions and pursue answers wherever they take them. Democratic education is about opening doors of opportunity and opening minds as students make their own pathways into the world. Beane Apple (1995) explain by research that young people are more interested to learn through experience. They do not like to study from tapes because they already know most of the stuff. Teachers also dont interact during this type of sessions and the outcome is not as desired. So, democratic education Challenges, Rewards   Political Belief Ayers (1992) tell that in order to introduce democratic education, people have taken very important steps. Young people have been given space and considered while making policies. A great challenge however was inadequately trained staff. Apple (1995) says that a very challenging task was to broaden the horizon of education from the conventional curriculum. Also, in order to achieve democratic education, the community and school needed to be connected. However, the outcomes of democratic education are vast. The students are grown to be with high thinking ability and contribute to their society. Although no matter what the core value, it is always of political benefit. Ayers conclude that (2009) educators, students, and citizens should press for an education worthy of a democracy, including an end to sorting people into winners and losers through expensive standardized tests that act as pseudo-scientific forms of surveillance. There should be an end to starving schools of needed resources and then blaming teachers and their unions for dismal outcomes. Militarization of schools, zero tolerance policies, gender identity discrimination and end to limited resources due to communities historically isolated, underfunded, and underserved. Question No. 2 Outline the tenets of neoliberalism in relation to education. What are the organizing value sets and  key assumptions to this ideology? How are they aligned with or in conflict with the goals of some of the  other models we have looked at in education (for example, Deweys notion of child-centered  education) where is power and authority located in a neoliberalist model? List a few of the key ideas  of neoconservatives in relation to education. Can a person be both a neoconservative and a neoliberal at  the same time? How does the film Waiting for Superman frame particular neoliberalist ideas about  education? What systemic structures are not being challenged by putting the blame for lagging education on teachers unions, according to Swalwell and Apple? Who benefits by this, and who loses?  Discuss the ways in which charter schools and voucher systems can impact students, teachers and  schools. Why do you think neoliberalism has become the dominant discourse of educati on, despite the  fact that Finland seems to go against most of the tenets of neoliberalist education and yet scores so well  on the PISA tests? Is it the inevitable way that the world is moving and education needs to adapt, or are  there other models that should be considered for teaching and learning? Answer Neoliberalism Wendy Brown (2003) states that neoliberalism equated with a radically free market: maximized competition and free trade achieved through economic de-regulation, elimination of tariffs, and a range of monetary and social policies favourable to business and indifferent toward poverty, social deracination, cultural decimation, long term resource depletion and environmental destruction. So neoliberalism can be summed up in four major types of public policy: Free trade, Deregulation Fiscal austerity Privatization John Deweys Theory of Education Warde (1960) explains this theory; unifying principles of democracy and education will create an American society depicting creative and well-adjusted youth. The three steps are: Free availability of kindergarten to college Children would carry on the educational process, aided and guided by the teacher They would be trained to behave cooperatively, sharing with and caring for one another image. Warde (1960) stated that by following this theory the opposition between the old education and the new conditions of life would be overcome. The progressive influences radiating from the schools would stimulate and fortify the building of a democratic order of free and equal citizens. Since the 1980s the impact of neoliberal and neoconservative ideas on education in the UK and USA has been dramatic. In the UK, protagonists argued that education had been going in the wrong direction and attacked ideological attack resulting in quality of primary education in England. From the 1950s to the early 1980s those teachers were respected due to their professionalism and because they engaged in a variety of national curriculum projects. During this period schools had both greater autonomy and greater local support than thereafter (Hicks, 2004). Hicks (2004) state that money spent on education is seen as a waste of time unless it helps the country compete efficiently and effectively in the international market. The metaphors applied to education became those of the market place: parents as consumers, business as the model for education, internal and external competition in schools to bring out what is the best in both pupils and schools. Neoconservative Neoconservative is a conservative who advocates the assertive promotion of democracy and United States national interest in international affairs including through military means. Neoconservatives are not really conservative and neoliberals are not really liberal. So a person can be both at the same time. Neoconservative policies with respect to education will include; common curriculum, accountability of teachers, responsibility of teachers for education and central control over education (Apple Swalwell, 2011). Waiting for Superman According to Apple Swalwell (2011),Waiting for Superman explores the tragic way of failure of American education system. It is incorporated by neoliberal idea, shows that America had the best public education system dominating internationally. Regardless of systemic and structural social inequities that powerfully shape the lives of the children and their caregivers, the film portrays them all as equally tragic. These are children who want desperately to succeed but who are likely to be crushed by bureaucracies, bad teachers, and unions unless charters with dynamic leaders can save them. Apple Swalwell (2011) blame the teachers Union for lagging education because they themselves are unionized and bad teachers are protected by them at the expense of students. By blaming these unions, oppression of children, racial and social issues are not addressed. It also fails to address the impact of No Child Left Behind and other policies that cut off school funding. This also does not discuss curriculum change towards test preparation, mechanized teaching, and further marginalized children who are predicted to drag down test scores As the documentary points out only one in five charter schools perform better than regular school, the ultimate solution for the students, teachers and parents. Rather, the solution is not to put all children in charter schools, but rather to make all schools more like the charters. That would entail discipline, high expectations for all students, longer school days, and more flexibility to hire (and reward) good teachers and get rid of bad ones. Conclusion Finlands teachers are also fully unionized, teaching there is in a homogeneous and wealthy nation. Their educational system has access to social support system. There are many factors that are to be considered in adapting educational models. The web woven between charter schools, neoliberal venture capitalists, and neoconservative think tanks forms powerful, interconnected force intending to influence votes on policies supporting charter schools and even running candidates. These promoters include most prominent educational leaders and policy makers. Research needs to be done in order to expose this political effect and attempt to protect public institutions. Our schools, teachers and students deserve better. Therefore they need to work together along with the help of state to run a progressing educational system. Competition is the basis of improvement. Therefore, the educational methods have to be competitive with global market. Finland succeeds due to the huge safety net for citizens, whereas everywhere else cutting edges are common. Segregation, property-tax based funding formulas, centralized textbook production, lack of local autonomy and shared governance, de-professionalization, inadequate special education supports, differential discipline patterns, and other such matters need to be addressed in order to improve educational system. However, the need to adapt according to the changing technology and laws is necessary.

Horror Of War

This story speaks the truth about the w AR rather than romanticizes it and emphasizing on the idea Of the honor, patriotic duty, DVD endure, and glory. All Quiet on the Western Front displays the war how it really was. Using images of fear and meaningless to replace the romantic visions of heroism. This novel focuses m such on the physical ND psychological damage that war brings.In the end, almost every major chaw racier is dead. This shows war's horrible and devastating outcome on the young generation of m en who were recruited and forced to fight. One of the worst things about war is the images shown to man. Men killed by the millions in terrifying ways. Bodies blown to pieces, limbs broken, and flesh me Tied from the bones. Along with the deaths, there are many injuries that often outnumber d dead men. As Paul Beamer witnessed his friend, Franz Chimer's, death in the hospital, the NJWere terrifying and often lead to death. Chimer's death was the first sign of the meaningless of li fe and death in the war. The turmoil was expressed in the lines, â€Å"Day after day goes by with pain and fear, groans and death gurgles. Even the death room I no use anymore; it is too small. † (Armature 19) Ryan 2 In the novel and in war the men have no where to hide from bombs and bubble TTS. Paul and his friends must reside in dirt trenches where death surrounds them. â€Å"We lie under the network Of arching shells and live in a suspense Of uncertain ant.If a shot moms, we can duck, that is all; we neither know nor can determine where it w ill fall. † (Armature 101) They sleep holding their bread so no rats steal it. The dirt surrounding them t urns dark as it absorbs the blood of the fallen. The worst part of the war is that both sides fighting live through the same con editions. Paul realizes this when he guards the Russian prison camp. Paul sympathizes with the soldiers poor shape and he knows that he shares the same role as them in the war. W hen Paul kills t he man who dies in his shell hole he feels remorseful.But now, for the first time, I see you are a man like me. I thought of your Han grenades, of your bayonet, of your rifle; now I see your wife and your face and our fellows hip. Forgive me, comrade. We always see it too late. Why do they never tell us that you are pop or devils like us, that your mothers are just as anxious as ours, and that we have the same fear Of death, and the same dying and the same generative me, comrade; how could you be my e enemy? † (Armature 223) This is when he decides that he must live with the fact that all the men have ski Lied others that were just like them.In the end of the novel, Paul is the last of his friends to die. As he falls to dead h his face shows a sense of calmness. Ryan 3 â€Å"He had fallen forward and lay on the earth as though sleeping. Turning him o ever on saw that he could not have suffered long; his face had an expression of calm, as though al most glad the end had come. † (Armature 296) Paul was happier in death than life because of the horrors of war. Paul was ha pier that he didn't have to lead a life of war any longer.